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Company Incorporation

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Company Incorporation

Company incorporation is the process of legally forming a new business entity as a separate legal entity from its owners. This process typically involves filing the necessary paperwork with the appropriate government agency, such as the state or country in which the business will be located, and obtaining a legal status as a corporation or other business entity. Incorporation creates a separate legal entity, which means that the business can own assets, incur debts, and enter into contracts in its own name, rather than in the names of the individuals who own it. This can provide various benefits, including limiting the personal liability of the owners and enabling the company to raise funds through the sale of shares. The process of company incorporation typically involves a number of legal and administrative requirements, such as drafting articles of incorporation, appointing directors and officers, obtaining necessary permits and licenses, and registering with relevant tax authorities.

What is Private Limited Company?

A Private Limited Company is a type of business structure in which the company is privately owned and managed by a small group of people, typically family members or close friends. In a Private Limited Company, the liability of each shareholder is limited to the amount of capital they have invested in the company. This means that the personal assets of the shareholders are protected in case the company incurs any debt or liabilities. Private Limited Companies are incorporated and registered with the government, and they are required to comply with various legal and regulatory requirements, such as filing annual financial statements, holding annual general meetings, and maintaining proper accounting records. Private Limited Companies are commonly used for small and medium-sized businesses, as they provide a flexible and tax-efficient structure for business operations. They are also attractive to investors as they offer a degree of limited liability protection while retaining the benefits of ownership and control.

What is Public Limited Company?

A Public Limited Company (PLC) is a type of business structure that is publicly traded on a stock exchange, meaning its shares are available to be bought and sold by members of the public. In a PLC, ownership is divided into shares, and the liability of shareholders is limited to the amount of money they have invested in the company. PLCs are often larger and more established businesses, with a higher level of regulatory oversight and reporting requirements than private limited companies. They are typically able to raise more capital through the sale of shares to the public, which can be used to fund growth, acquisitions, and other strategic initiatives. To become a PLC, a company must meet certain legal requirements, such as having at least two directors, issuing a prospectus for its shares, and having a minimum amount of share capital. Additionally, the company must adhere to various rules and regulations governing disclosure, reporting, and corporate governance.

Difference between Private Ltd. Company and Public Ltd. Company

  • A Private Limited Company and a Public Limited Company are both types of legal business structures that can be registered in many countries, including the UK, India, and others. The main differences between the two different companies are given below:
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  • Ownership: A Private Limited Company is owned privately by one or more individuals or companies, while a Public Limited Company is owned by shareholders who can buy and sell shares of the company’s stock on a public stock exchange.

  • Number of Shareholders: A Private Limited Company must have at least one shareholder and can have up to 200 shareholders, while a Public Limited Company must have at least seven shareholders, and there is no limit to the maximum number of shareholders.

  • Share Capital: A Private Limited Company is not required to have a minimum share capital, while a Public Limited Company must have a minimum share capital of a certain amount, as per the regulations of the country of registration.

  • Disclosure Requirements: A Public Limited Company is subject to more extensive disclosure requirements, including the publication of annual reports, financial statements, and other documents for public scrutiny. A Private Limited Company has fewer disclosure requirements and its financial information is generally kept private.

  • Access to Capital: A Public Limited Company can raise capital more easily by issuing shares to the public through a stock exchange. A Private Limited Company has limited options for raising capital, usually by selling shares to existing shareholders or borrowing from banks or other lenders.

  • Legal status: A Public Limited Company has a separate legal identity from its shareholders, while a Private Limited Company is legally distinct from its owners but not as much as a Public Limited Company.

Overall, the choice between a Private Limited Company and a Public Limited Company depends on the business owner’s goals and priorities, as well as the legal and regulatory requirements of the country of registration.

Documentation Required for the Incorporation of Private Limited Company

The specific documents required for the incorporation of a Private Limited Company may vary depending on the country and jurisdiction where the company is being incorporated. However, in general, the following documents are commonly required:

Memorandum of Association (MoA): It is a legal document that contains the company’s name, registered office address, objectives, and details of the initial shareholders. It defines the company’s scope and purpose.

Articles of Association (AoA): It outlines the company’s internal rules, regulations, and procedures for running the business. It typically covers issues like the rights and responsibilities of the directors, shareholders, and the company secretary.

Form DIR-2: It is a declaration from the first directors of the company stating that they are not disqualified under the Companies Act to act as directors.

Form INC-9: It is a declaration by each subscriber to the Memorandum of Association stating that he/she has not been convicted of any offence involving moral turpitude or any economic offence.


Form INC-10: It is a declaration from the company’s professional like a chartered accountant, lawyer, or company secretary stating that all the requirements of the Companies Act have been met.


Proof of Registered Office Address: It can be a rental agreement, electricity bill, or property tax receipt in the name of the company or any of its directors.


Identity and Address Proof of Directors and Shareholders: It includes documents like PAN card, Aadhar card, passport, driving license, or voter ID card.


Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) of Directors: It is used to sign electronic documents.
Director Identification Number (DIN) of Directors: It is a unique identification number given to every director of a company.
Payment of the Registration Fee: It is the fee paid to the Registrar of Companies (RoC) for registering the company.

Process of Incorporation of Private Limited Company

The procedure for the incorporation of a Private Limited Company in most countries typically involves the following steps:

Obtain Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) – The first step is to obtain a digital signature certificate (DSC) for the proposed directors of the company. The DSC is required for the electronic filing of documents with the Registrar of Companies (ROC).


Obtain Director Identification Number (DIN) – The next step is to obtain a Director Identification Number (DIN) for the proposed directors of the company. DIN is a unique identification number assigned to each director of the company and is required for incorporation.


Name Reservation – The next step is to reserve a name for the company. The name should be unique and not similar to any existing company or trademark. The name can be reserved through the online portal of the Registrar of Companies (ROC).


Prepare Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) – The MOA and AOA are legal documents that define the constitution and the purpose of the company. These documents need to be prepared and signed by the proposed directors and shareholders of the company.


File incorporation documents with the Registrar of Companies (ROC) – Once the name is reserved and the MOA and AOA are prepared, the company incorporation documents can be filed with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). The documents include Form SPICe (Simplified Performa for Incorporating Company Electronically), PAN and TAN application, MOA, AOA, and other relevant documents.


Obtain Certificate of Incorporation – After the documents are submitted and reviewed by the ROC, and if all documents are in order, the ROC will issue a Certificate of Incorporation. This certificate indicates that the company is legally registered and can commence its business operations.


Obtain necessary licenses and permits – Depending on the nature of the business, the company may need to obtain licenses and permits from various government authorities before commencing operations.


The process of incorporating a Private Limited Company may vary slightly depending on the country or region, and it is advisable to seek professional assistance from a lawyer or a company formation agent.

Process of Incorporation of Public Limited Company

  • Incorporating a Public Limited Company (PLC) involves a number of steps and procedures, which are as follows:
  • Directors: A minimum of two directors are required for a PLC, and they should obtain Director Identification Number (DIN) from the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA).

  • Shareholders: A minimum of seven shareholders are required for a PLC. The shareholders must apply for a Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) from any certifying authority recognized by the MCA.

  • Name Approval: The promoters of the PLC must file an application for the reservation of the proposed name with the Registrar of Companies (ROC). The name should be unique and should not be identical or similar to the name of any existing company.

  • Memorandum and Articles of Association: The Memorandum of Association (MOA) and Articles of Association (AOA) should be drafted and submitted to the ROC along with the registration documents. The MOA defines the scope and objectives of the company, while the AOA contains the rules and regulations for the internal management of the company.

  • Registration: After obtaining the approval of the name and drafting the MOA and AOA, the promoters can apply for registration of the company with the ROC. The application should be submitted in Form INC-7 along with the required documents, such as the MOA, AOA, and declaration by directors.

  • Payment of Fees: The registration fee for a PLC is based on the authorized share capital of the company. The fee should be paid online through the MCA portal.

  • Certificate of Incorporation: After verifying the application and the documents, the ROC will issue a Certificate of Incorporation (COI). The COI is a legal document that confirms the formation of the PLC.

  • Commencement of Business: Once the PLC has been incorporated, it can commence business. However, it should obtain a certificate of commencement of business from the ROC before it can issue shares or borrow money from the public.

  • Other Registrations: After incorporation, the PLC should obtain a Permanent Account Number (PAN) from the Income Tax Department and register for Goods and Services Tax (GST), if applicable.

  • The entire process of incorporating a PLC usually takes around 15-20 days, provided that all the required documents and information are submitted on time and the ROC approves the application without any objections or queries.

Advantages of Company Incorporation

Incorporating a company can have several advantages, including:

Limited Liability: One of the primary advantages of incorporation is limited liability protection. As a separate legal entity, the company assumes legal responsibility for its debts and obligations. This means that the personal assets of the company’s owners (shareholders) are generally protected from business liabilities.

Perpetual Existence: A corporation is a perpetual entity that exists independently of its owners. This means that the company can continue to operate even if one or more shareholders leave or die.
Credibility: Incorporating your business can lend credibility to your company. Customers, suppliers, and investors may view your business more favorably if it is incorporated.

Easier access to Funding: A corporation may have an easier time raising capital, as investors may be more willing to invest in a company that is structured as a corporation.


Tax Benefits: A corporation may be eligible for certain tax benefits, such as deducting business expenses and receiving lower tax rates on income.


Transferability of Ownership: Ownership in a corporation can be easily transferred through the sale of stock, making it easier for shareholders to exit the company or for new investors to enter.


Employee Benefits: A corporation may be able to offer more comprehensive employee benefits, such as retirement plans and health insurance, which can help attract and retain top talent.


Brand Protection: Incorporating your business can help protect your brand name and intellectual property by providing legal rights to the company name, logo, and other trademarks.


These are just a few of the potential advantages of incorporating a company, and the specific benefits will depend on the unique circumstances of your business. It’s important to consult with legal and financial experts to determine whether incorporation is the right choice for your business.

Why One Should Take Expert Help While Incorporating a Company?

Incorporating a company is a complex process that involves various legal formalities, documentation, and compliance requirements. It is essential to follow these procedures meticulously to ensure the smooth functioning of the company and avoid any legal issues or penalties. While one may have a basic understanding of the incorporation process, seeking expert help can make the process more efficient, hassle-free, and error-free.


One of the most significant advantages of seeking expert help while incorporating a company is the guidance and advice they can offer. Incorporation experts have extensive knowledge and experience in dealing with the legal and regulatory requirements of company incorporation. They can provide valuable insights and advice on the most appropriate legal structure for the company, the documentation required, and the compliance requirements. This can help to ensure that the incorporation process is carried out smoothly and efficiently, with minimal errors and delays.


Another reason to seek expert help is the time and effort saved. Incorporating a company involves a considerable amount of paperwork and documentation, which can be time-consuming and overwhelming. With the help of an expert, the process can be streamlined and made more efficient. They can take care of the paperwork and documentation, ensuring that everything is in order and submitted within the stipulated time frame. This frees up the business owner’s time, allowing them to focus on other critical aspects of the business.


Expert help can also ensure compliance with the relevant laws and regulations. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations can result in penalties, fines, or even legal action against the company. An incorporation expert can help to ensure that the company is set up in compliance with all the relevant laws and regulations, avoiding any legal issues that could arise in the future. They can also keep the company informed of any changes in the regulatory landscape, ensuring that the company stays compliant with any new laws or regulations.


In summary, incorporating a company is a complex and time-consuming process that requires a high degree of expertise and attention to detail. Seeking expert help can make the process more efficient, hassle-free, and error-free, providing valuable guidance and advice, saving time and effort, and ensuring compliance with all the relevant laws and regulations. Overall, incorporating a company with the help of an expert can help to ensure the smooth functioning of the company and avoid any legal issues or penalties.

Why you should choose Sheris Advisors?

  • Sheris Advisors is one of the platforms that work together to meet all of your legal and financial compliances related to your business by connecting you with dependable and experience specialists of the respective field. Our clients can also keep track of the progress regarding their work on our platform at any moment; it gives them hassle free services. Our knowledgeable professionals are here to answer any queries you may have concerning the Company Incorporation. Sheris Advisors will make sure that your interactions with professionals are pleasant, smooth and helpful. Following are the reasons one should choose Sheris Advisors-

  • Sheris Advisors is one of the many platforms which coordinate to fulfill all your legal and financial requirements related to your business.
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    Its focus is on simplifying the legal requirements for the businesses and provides them smooth and hassle free services.
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    If you have any questions regarding Company Incorporation, Sheris Advisors are just one phone call away.
    Sheris Advisors have a very dedicated team that is ready to help you and guide you free of cost.

Conclusion

Incorporating a company can be a complex process, but it is a necessary step for many entrepreneurs and business owners. Some of the benefits of incorporation include limited liability protection, access to financing, tax benefits, and increased credibility. Before incorporating, it is important to carefully consider the legal and financial implications, as well as the specific requirements and regulations in your jurisdiction. You may want to consult with a lawyer, accountant, or other professional to ensure that you fully understand the process and make informed decisions. Ultimately, whether or not to incorporate will depend on your individual circumstances and goals. It is important to weigh the benefits and drawbacks and make a decision that is right for you and your business.

FAQs Regarding Company Incorporation

Company incorporation is the legal process of creating a separate legal entity, which is recognized as a distinct legal person from its owners/shareholders. This process involves registering a business entity with the government, obtaining a unique identification number, and completing other formalities.

Incorporating your company provides several benefits, including limited liability protection, tax advantages, access to funding, and enhanced credibility in the market. It also allows you to separate your personal and business assets, which can protect your personal assets in case of business-related liabilities.

The most common types of business entities include sole proprietorships, partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), and corporations. Each type has its own advantages and disadvantages, depending on the business's specific needs and goals.

Choosing the right business entity depends on various factors, including the number of owners, liability protection needs, tax implications, management structure, and financing requirements. You may want to consult with an attorney or accountant to determine the best structure for your business.

The specific steps involved in company incorporation vary by jurisdiction, but generally include selecting a business name, filing articles of incorporation, obtaining necessary licenses and permits, appointing directors or officers, and issuing shares of stock.

The required documents vary depending on the jurisdiction, but typically include articles of incorporation, bylaws, share certificates, and other organizational documents. You may also need to obtain various licenses and permits, depending on the type of business you operate.

The time it takes to incorporate a company varies depending on the jurisdiction and the type of business entity you are forming. In some cases, it may take only a few days to complete the process, while in others, it may take several weeks or months.

After incorporating your company, you will have ongoing obligations, including filing annual reports, maintaining accurate records, holding annual shareholder meetings, and complying with other legal and regulatory requirements. You may also need to obtain additional licenses or permits if you expand your business or change its operations.

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